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Electricity and natural gas in Montana, decoded.

By Hilary Norris Updated 6 min read

Montana is a regulated electricity state — residential customers cannot pick a competitive supplier. Two investor-owned utilities (NorthWestern Energy in the west and centre, Montana-Dakota Utilities in the east) cover roughly two-thirds of MT meters. The remaining third is split between 26 rural electric cooperatives and a handful of municipal systems. Wholesale power moves through the WECC western interconnection.

~650K
MT electric meters
2 IOUs
+ 26 rural co-ops
2007
Retail choice ended
WECC
Western interconnection

Regulated state

Bundled rate, PSC-approved — three ways MT customers buy electricity

Montana ended residential retail choice in 2007 after the wholesale market crisis. Your utility is also your supplier, end of story for residential.

IOU bundled rate

NorthWestern Energy and MDU charge a bundled supply + delivery rate. The Montana PSC approves each component in a contested rate case.

  • You can intervene in rate cases via the Montana Consumer Counsel.
  • !No competitive supplier option.

Co-op member rate

If you live on one of the 26 rural electric cooperatives' lines, the co-op generates or buys wholesale power and resells it at a board-approved rate.

  • Rates often 10 to 25% below NorthWestern equivalent.
  • Annual capital credits return excess margin to members.

Large industrial only

Only customers with peak demand above 5 MW can shop a competitive supplier in MT — about 30 industrial sites statewide.

  • !Not available for residential or small commercial customers.
  • !Industrial customer can shop, but still pays utility delivery.

Note: co-op customers cannot switch between an IOU and a co-op — territory is set by the 1937 Rural Electrification Act and the MT territorial law.

Save these

MT emergency phone lines

For outages and gas leaks, always call your delivery utility, never an office.

NorthWestern outage · 24/7

1-888-467-2669

Western + central MT delivery.

MDU outage · 24/7

1-800-638-3278

Eastern MT electric + gas.

NorthWestern gas · 24/7

1-888-867-5253

Smell gas? Leave first, call from outside.

MDU gas · 24/7

1-800-292-3019

Eastern MT gas leak hotline.

NorthWestern customer service

1-888-225-4570

Billing, payment plans, start service.

MT PSC (regulator)

(406) 444-6199

File a complaint, dispute a rate case.

Quick answers

The questions MT households ask before calling.

Call your utility at least three business days before move-in. NorthWestern Energy: 1-888-225-4570. MDU: 1-800-638-3278. If you live on co-op territory (Flathead, Fergus, Missoula Electric, Southeast etc.), call the co-op number printed on the bill of the previous tenant. Montana is a regulated state — no supplier choice to set up, the utility handles everything.

No, not as a residential customer. Montana's 1997 deregulation was rolled back in 2007 after the 2000-2001 western US energy crisis exposed retail customers to spot prices. Only customers with peak demand above 5 MW (about 30 large industrial sites) can shop alternate suppliers today. Everyone else buys bundled supply from their IOU or co-op.

Three reasons. Co-ops are not-for-profit — there is no shareholder return baked into the rate. Their distribution systems are mostly depreciated. And the co-ops buy a large share of wholesale power from Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), the federal preference-power provider, which prices hydropower well below market. Annual capital-credit retirements return excess margin to members on top.

The Western Electricity Coordinating Council is the regional reliability organisation for the western US grid, covering all of Montana plus 13 other western states and parts of Canada and Mexico. WECC sets the reliability standards your utility follows. Montana sits in the Northwest Power Pool sub-region. Unlike PJM in the east, WECC does not run a competitive day-ahead market — wholesale trades happen bilaterally between utilities.

The Montana Public Service Commission (PSC), a five-member elected body, approves IOU rates and major investments. The 26 rural electric cooperatives set their own rates through member-elected boards and are exempt from PSC rate jurisdiction. The Montana Consumer Counsel is the state-recognised residential ratepayer advocate in PSC proceedings.

Call the co-op directly, 24/7. Fergus Electric Cooperative: (406) 538-2000. Southeast Electric Cooperative: (406) 487-2741. Flathead Electric: (406) 751-4449. Missoula Electric: (406) 541-4433. Every co-op publishes its own 24/7 outage number on every monthly bill.

Article reviewed by Cornelia Zavoianu, Selectra energy expert

Written by

Hilary Norris

Content & communications, U.S.

Read more from Hilary

Biography

Master's in Environmental Policy from Sciences-Po Paris and a BA in International Relations from the University of British Columbia. Joined Selectra in November 2014 to launch the Canadian branch of CallMePower, moved to the U.S. desk in April 2015 and now leads content and communications for CallMePower.com.

Expertise

U.S. energy market Content strategy Consumer guides